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Murabutide
Murabutide is a safe synthetic immunomodulator derived from muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the smallest bioactive unit of bacterial peptidoglycan. In contrast to MDP, murabutide is devoid of pyrogenic activity [1] and lacks somnogenic activity [2]. Murabutide has the capacity to synergize with selected therapeutic cytokines to drive the release of Th1 cytokines. Murabutide has been found to suppress human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) replication, in macrophages, through a regulated expression of cellular factors needed at different steps in the virus replication cycle [3]. Murabutide does not transduce the signal through TLR2 nor TLR4 [4]. It appears to be recognized by the intracellular receptor NOD2. Murabutide induced the activation of NF-κB in HEK-Blue™ NOD2 cells, but no NF-κB was detectable in HEK-Blue™ TLR cells.
Specificity: NOD2 agonist
Working concentration: 1 - 100 ng/ml
Endotoxin level: <0.125 EU/mg
Solubility: 10 mg/ml in water
Formula: C23H40N4O11
Molecular weight: 548.58
Synonym: N-Acetyl-muramyl-L- Alanyl-D-Glutamin-n-butyl-ester |