HKLR Heat Killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a nonpathogenic gram-positive inhabitant of the human microflora. It is used as a natural preservative in yogurt and other dairy products to extend the shelf life. Lactobacillus rhamnosus is known to have beneficial health effects, such as the nonspecific enhancement of the immune system. Indeed, heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HKLR) has been shown to be a potent inducer of TNF-α from mouse mononuclear cells. This immune response is dependent on TLR2 and CD14 [1]. Specificity: TLR2 agonist Working concentration: 108-109 cells/ml Solubility: Insoluble (resuspended HKLR results in a cloudy suspension)